Global Moran’s I

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2023 Moran’s I 0.100 pseudo P-value 0.037

2022 Moran’s I 0.121 pseudo P-value 0.029

2021 Moran’s I 0.098 pseudo P-value 0.033

2020 Moran’s I 0.122 pseudo P-value 0.015

2019 Moran’s I 0.097 pseudo P-value 0.025

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2018 Moran’s I 0.097 pseudo P-value 0.030

2017 Moran’s I 0.143 pseudo P-value 0.016

2016 Moran’s I 0.145 pseudo P-value 0.025

2015 Moran’s I 0.081 pseudo P-value 0.045

2014 Moran’s I 0.058 pseudo P-value 0.040

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The Moran scatter plot of TB incidences in Mueang Khon Kaen District, 2014–2023

📖 Pulmonary tuberculosis refers to TB cases diagnosed by a physician using at least one of the A15, A16, and A19 ICD-10 codes (the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases). We include A19, miliary tuberculosis, as the primary site of TB infection is the lung, from where it spreads through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.
📝 The results show that when exploring the global detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, Moran's indices were found to be significantly positive (p-value < 0.05) in every year from 2014 to 2023, indicating spatial clustering across the study area during this period.

Local Moran’s I

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2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

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2018

2017

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2015

2014

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LISA Cluster Map Not Significant High-High Low-Low Low-High High-Low

📝 Results show that hotspots of pulmonary TB incidence from 2014 to 2023 were predominantly detected in the Nai Mueang, Phra Lab, and Ban Pet sub-districts, with additional hotspots emerging in Sila in 2019 and Ban Thum in 2021. Similar to the local detection of all types of tuberculosis, cold spots were identified only in the Tha Phra sub-district in 2019. Low-high outliers were detected in Phra Lab in 2014 and Ban Pet in 2021.